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William Devereux
William Devereux was an Anglo-Norman nobleman living during the reigns of kings William I, William II, and Henry I of England. The Devereux, along with the Baskervilles and Pichards, were prominent knightly families along the Welsh marches at the beginning of the twelfth century, and linked to the Braose and Lacy lordships of the region.〔Brock W. Holden. ''Lords of the Central Marches.'' (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2008). page 92〕 William Devereux's descendants would later give rise to the Devereux family of Hereford, and the Devereux Viscounts of Hereford and Earls of Essex.
==Career==
William was the son of William d'Évreux by a second unnamed wife.〔Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina Powlett Cleveland, Duchess of Cleveland, ''Battle Abbey Roll, with some account of the Norman Lines'', Vol. 1 (London: John Murray, 1889), p. 325〕〔M. Jackson Crispin and Leonce Macary. ''Falaise Roll.'' (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1985). page 41〕 There are indications he fought at Hastings as he was rewarded with lands along the Welsh Marches in Herefordshire and Gloucester that he held in 1086.〔(Anna Powell-Smith, ''Open Domesday'', accessed March 18 2012, William Devereux )〕 Lyonshall Castle was constructed at the direction of his overlord, Roger de Lacy during the late 11th century. When de Lacy was exiled in 1095 the castle came under more direct control of the Devereux family, and eventually they became its chief lords.〔Charles Robinson. ''A History of the Castles of Herefordshire and their Lords''. page 125〕
William Devereux was a benefactor of the Abbey at Gloucester (Church of St. Peter in Gloucester). In 1086 William the Conqueror issued a charter to the abbey confirming the land it possessed, and William Devereux was identified as giving 1 hide of land.〔William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monaterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae, Volume 1. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863, Page 334〕 During the time of King William Rufus in 1096 he was identified as granting a hide in Herefordshire, and two tenths (duas decimas) from 'Leech and Hadrop'.〔Charles Johnson and HA Cronne (editors). Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154; Volume II Regesta Henrici Primi, 1100-1135. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956. Page 410〕 A list of donations to the abbey showed William Devereux giving one hide of land in Jerchenfeld, Westone, and tithes from Haythrop, in the time of Abbot Serlo (1072 to 1104).〔William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 1. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863, page 118〕〔William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 2. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863, page 40〕 Other sources indicate he confirmed the grant of a hide in Herefordshire to St. Peter’s Abbey at Gloucester in the tenth year of Henry I (1110).〔Arthur Collins. ''The Peerage of England.'' (London: 1779). Volume VI, page 1, Devereux Viscount of Hereford〕〔Roger Dodsworth. ''Monasticon Anglicanum by William Dugsdale''. (London: 1673). Vol. 3, Cathedrals, page 187〕 During the time of Abbot William (1113 to 1130) a woman named Hawise, identified as the widow of William Devereux, appeared on a list of donations as giving the land called Hyde, and that Walter de Lacy had given this to her upon her marriage.〔William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 1. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863. Page 88〕 The gift of William Devereux of one hide of land to the abbey was confirmed again by King Stephen in 1138,〔William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 1. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863. Page 223〕 the Archbishop of Canterbury between 1139 to 1148,〔William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 1. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863. Page 226〕 and King Henry II about 1174.〔William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 1. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863. Page 350〕
William Devereux witnessed an undated grant by William de Hussemain of a tenement in the manor of Castle Frome, Herefordshire, to Walter de Longchamp. Another witness to this document, Baldwyn de Boulers, was married by 1102, and signed a charter of Henry I to Shrewsbury Abbey in 1121.〔Collections Historical & Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders, Vol. XXVII. (London: Charles J. Clark, 1893). page 192〕
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